![]() ![]() :: represents CAST operator in PostgreSQL. It is asking us to cast the roll_no values into integer type explicitly. PostgreSQL is even providing us with a hint. What a 'character' actually is depends on the selected encoding for the database ( Postgres supports lots ). Converts number to string according to the given format available for integer, bigint, numeric, real, double precision. Specifically, the error will read − ERROR: column "roll_no" cannot be cast automatically to type integer HINT: You might need to specify "USING roll_no::integer". The PostgreSQL documentation is very specific that VARCHAR (n) refers to a type which can store strings up to n characters ( not bytes) in length. When converting character or binary expressions (binary, char, nchar, nvarchar, varbinary, or varchar) to an expression of a different data type, the conversion operation could truncate the output data, only partially display the output data, or return an. This is because the conversion of text to integer is not that straightforward for PostgreSQL. SELECT CAST('abc' AS varchar(5)) COLLATE FrenchCSAS Truncating and rounding results. ![]() Now, let us try to convert the roll_no column back to an integer ALTER TABLE marks It simply replaces the digit with the character representing that digit. Because integer to text conversion does not confuse PostgreSQL. Now, for understanding the cases where we need to use an expression, let us first convert the roll_no column to VARCHAR type. We need not use any expression for converting the column type. Now, suppose we want to convert the serial_no column from type INTEGER to BIGINTEGER. By simply setting our id column as SERIAL with PRIMARY KEY attached, Postgres will handle all the. Now, let us populate it INSERT INTO marks(serial_no,name, roll_no, marks_obtained, VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, primaryauthor VARCHAR(100) NULL ). Let us create a new table marks − CREATE TABLE marks( Let us understand both the cases using an example. ![]() However, if you convert a TEXT or a VARCHAR entry to INTEGER, you will not be able to do that by default, unless you provide an expression for converting the existing TEXT/VARCHAR values to an integer. For instance, if you convert a column of type INTEGER to type BIGINTEGER, you need not use any expression for the conversion of existing entries to the new types. It is used when you need to use an expression for converting the existing entries in that column from the current type to the new type. The USING part of the syntax is optional. Please note that altering the type of a column is not recommended generally, especially if your table has a lot of entries already. In order to change the type of a column, the syntax is ALTER TABLE table_nameĪLTER COLUMN column_name TYPE new_data_type USING expression ![]()
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